Pet Therapy for Seniors: Benefits of Companion Animals in Aged Care
There is a fundamental bond that often goes unnoticed, yet plays a pivotal role in our well-being – the bond between humans and animals. As we navigate the golden years of life, this bond becomes even more significant. Pet therapy, a therapeutic approach that integrates animals into the care of individuals, has been gaining traction in the aged care sector. Especially for our most vulnerable, the companionship of animals offers a unique blend of emotional, cognitive, and physical benefits.
This article delves into the world of pet therapy for seniors, exploring its essence, the types of animals involved, and the myriad of advantages it brings to aged care settings. Whether you're an Allied Health professional, a carer, or someone with a loved one in aged care, join us as we uncover the transformative power of companion animals in enhancing the quality of life for our seniors.
In this blog:
Pet Therapy for Seniors: Benefits of Companion Animals in Aged Care
Animal Assisted Therapy for Older Adults in Aged Care Facilities: A Rapid Review from NSUWorks
How Pet Therapy Can Be Beneficial to Older People from Aged Care Guide
Tips for Seniors Incorporating an Animal Companion into Aged Care
Tunstall's Commitment to Holistic Well-being
What is Pet Therapy?
As the name suggests, pet therapy involves the use of animals to aid in the therapeutic process. But when it comes to older people, this therapy takes on a special significance. Ageing can sometimes be accompanied by feelings of loneliness, isolation, or cognitive decline. Introducing pet therapy can act as a bridge, connecting seniors with a source of unconditional love and companionship.
Pet therapy, also known as animal-assisted therapy, is a guided interaction between an individual and a trained animal. It also involves the animal’s handler. The primary goal is to help individuals cope with or recover from health challenges, be it mental, emotional, or physical. While dogs are the most common animals used in pet therapy, a range of animals, from cats to birds and even horses, can be therapeutic companions.
For seniors, pet therapy is more than just spending time with an animal. It's about harnessing the therapeutic potential of these interactions to enhance their overall well-being. Whether it's a structured session in a care facility or a casual visit from a therapy animal, these interactions can stimulate memory, encourage communication, and provide a comforting presence.
Research Behind Pet Therapy
The therapeutic benefits of pet therapy, especially for older adults, have been the subject of numerous studies and research efforts. Here's a synthesis of the findings from the provided sources:
Animal Assisted Therapy for Older Adults in Aged Care Facilities: A Rapid Review from NSUWorks
Conducted by researchers from Charles Sturt University, this study aimed to synthesise existing research evidence on the effectiveness of animal assisted therapy (AAT) for older adults in residential care. The systematic review, which encompassed studies from 2009 to 2019, found that AAT, predominantly involving dogs, consistently yielded positive outcomes for seniors.
Purpose
This research aimed to synthesise evidence to determine the best approaches for animal assisted therapy (AAT) to enhance outcomes for older adults in residential care.
Results
Eighteen studies were included in the review, with all eligible studies utilising dogs for AAT. The majority of these studies reported positive outcomes from AAT. Key findings include:
AAT effectively improved depressive symptoms and socioemotional behaviours.
Quality of life improved when AAT was conducted up to twice weekly.
Physical interaction and combined physical interaction with walking yielded positive outcomes.
Trained/certified therapy dogs were more effective than untrained dogs.
Group AAT was more effective than individual sessions.
Conclusion
AAT involving dogs was generally associated with positive outcomes for older adults in residential care. Certain features of AAT, such as group settings and trained facilitators, were linked to better outcomes.
How Pet Therapy Can Be Beneficial to Older People from Aged Care Guide
This feature on the Aged Care Guide, delves into the multifaceted benefits of pet therapy for the elderly, especially those residing in aged care facilities. The Animal Welfare League of New South Wales emphasises the positive impact of pet therapy on the elderly, such as reducing tension, fatigue, and confusion. Furthermore, pet therapy can counteract feelings of loss experienced by many seniors when transitioning into aged care facilities.
Key Points
Older individuals feel more energised and inspired after spending time with a pet.
Positive reactions to pet therapy sessions have been observed in people with dementia.
Benefits for the Elderly
Pet therapy enhances quality of life, offers ongoing physical benefits, and aids in health improvement.
The Animal Welfare League (AWL) of New South Wales advocates for elderly engagement with pets, noting benefits such as reduced tension, fatigue, and confusion.
Pet therapy can counteract feelings of loss experienced by many former pet owners after moving into an aged care facility.
Interaction with pets is linked to fewer doctor visits, reduced medication intake, lower cholesterol, and blood pressure.
Benefits for People Living with Dementia
Pet therapy has a calming effect on dementia patients, aiding in communication and comfort.
Evidence suggests that pet therapy can re-engage dementia patients with their surroundings.
A 2020 Australian study noted that dog-assisted therapy positively impacted recipients, including improving baseline depression scores
Incorporating pet therapy into aged care settings is not just about the presence of animals; it's about harnessing the deep, intrinsic bond between humans and animals. This bond, cultivated over millennia, has the power to heal, comfort, and rejuvenate, making it a valuable addition to the holistic care of our seniors.
What Type of Pets are Used in Pet Therapy?
The therapeutic potential of animals is vast, and while certain animals are more commonly associated with pet therapy, a variety of species have been recognised for their unique abilities to connect, comfort, and heal. Here's a closer look at some of the animals used in pet therapy
Dogs
Often the first animals that come to mind when we think of pet therapy, dogs are known for their loyalty, affection, and intuitive nature. Different breeds bring different therapeutic qualities. For instance, Golden Retrievers and Labradors are often chosen for their gentle temperament, while smaller breeds like Poodles or Shih Tzus might be preferred for bedside visits due to their size.
Cats
Cats offer a more passive form of therapy. Their purring is known to have a calming effect, and their independent nature can be comforting for those who prefer a less interactive companion. Cats can be especially beneficial for individuals who have had cats in their past and find solace in their presence.
Birds
Birds, particularly parrots, canaries, and finches, offer both visual and auditory stimulation. Their songs can be soothing, and their vibrant colours can be a source of visual delight. Additionally, teaching birds simple tricks or songs can be a cognitive exercise for seniors.
Horses
Equine therapy, although less common in traditional aged care settings, has been recognised for its profound impact. The act of grooming, feeding, or simply being around horses can be incredibly therapeutic. Riding, for those who are able, can also improve balance, coordination, and core strength.
Rabbits and Guinea Pigs
These small mammals are often used in therapy because of their gentle nature. Stroking their soft fur can be calming, and their manageable size makes them ideal for lap interactions.
Fish
While not interactive in the traditional sense, fish tanks in aged care settings can offer both relaxation and cognitive stimulation. Watching fish swim can be meditative, and the care required for a fish tank can provide a sense of purpose and routine.
Reptiles
Though less conventional, reptiles like turtles or lizards can be used in therapy, especially for those who have an affinity for these creatures. Their unique textures and movements can provide sensory stimulation.
It's essential to understand that the choice of animal often depends on the individual's preferences, past experiences, and the specific therapeutic goals set by the care providers. While one person might find comfort in the soft purr of a cat, another might benefit more from the energetic presence of a dog or the serene movements of fish.
What are the Benefits of Pet Therapy in Aged Care?
The integration of animals into aged care settings transcends mere companionship. The multifaceted benefits touch on emotional, cognitive, physical, social, and therapeutic aspects of well-being. Here's a more in-depth exploration:
Emotional and Psychological Benefits
Reduced Loneliness: Animals offer a constant presence, filling voids of silence or absence. For a senior who has lost a spouse or lives far from family, a therapy animal can provide solace and companionship, mitigating feelings of isolation.
Decreased Depression and Anxiety: The simple act of stroking an animal's fur or listening to its rhythmic breathing can induce a calming effect, releasing endorphins that counteract feelings of depression and anxiety.
Enhanced Self-esteem: Being entrusted with the care of another living being, even momentarily during a therapy session, can instil a sense of responsibility and purpose, uplifting one's self-worth.
Stress Reduction: Studies have shown that human-animal interactions can lower cortisol levels. The mere presence of an animal can create an environment of tranquillity, reducing stress and promoting relaxation.
Cognitive Benefits
Memory Stimulation: Caring for pets in the present, such as remembering when to feed them or when they last had a walk, can actively engage and stimulate the brain. These routine tasks not only provide structure to a senior's day but also challenge and reinforce their memory functions. Recollections of past pets may also surface, intertwining past experiences with present responsibilities, and fostering a continuous cycle of cognitive engagement.
Increased Alertness: The unpredictability and spontaneity of animals can keep seniors on their toes, mentally engaged, and responsive.
Improved Communication: Animals often become the focal point of conversations, enabling seniors to share stories, express their feelings, and communicate more openly.
Physical Benefits
Enhanced Motor Skills: Simple activities, like pouring food into a bowl or opening a birdcage, challenge and refine motor skills, aiding in daily tasks.
Increased Physical Activity: Even a short walk with a therapy dog in the garden can boost cardiovascular health, improve muscle tone, and enhance overall physical stamina.
Lowered Blood Pressure: Regular, calm interactions with animals have been scientifically linked to reduced blood pressure, offering protective benefits against heart-related ailments.
Social Benefits
Strengthened Community Bonds: Group therapy sessions with animals can foster camaraderie among residents, building a stronger sense of community.
Increased Social Interaction: Animals often become the centre of attention, drawing residents out of their rooms and encouraging more frequent social interactions.
Enhanced Relationships with Caregivers: Shared experiences with animals can serve as a bonding activity, strengthening trust and rapport between caregivers and their clients.
Therapeutic Benefits for Specific Conditions
Dementia and Alzheimer's: Familiar activities, like brushing a cat's fur, can evoke positive memories for dementia patients, reducing episodes of agitation and fostering moments of clarity.
Physical Disabilities: Engaging with animals can motivate individuals to push their physical boundaries, whether it's reaching out to pet an animal or standing up to greet one.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): The non-judgmental nature of animals provides a safe space for individuals to relive and process traumatic events, aiding in their healing journey.
Holistic Well-being
Sense of Routine: Regular visits from therapy animals can provide a structure to the day, offering something to look forward to and a break from the routine.
Spiritual Connection: Many find solace in the purity and innocence of animals, feeling a deeper connection to life, nature, and the universe.
In essence, pet therapy in aged care taps into the age-old bond between humans and animals, a bond that resonates with trust, understanding, and mutual respect. As we recognise and harness these benefits, we pave the way for a more holistic, compassionate, and enriched approach to aged care.
Suggested reading: How Music Therapy Can Help People Living with Dementia
Tips for Seniors Incorporating an Animal Companion into Aged Care
For many seniors, the thought of introducing an animal companion into their aged care setting can be both exciting and daunting. Here are some tips to ensure a smooth transition and a fulfilling experience:
Assess the Care Setting
Before bringing in an animal, ensure that the aged care facility allows pets. Some facilities may have restrictions on the type of animals, sizes, or breeds permitted.
Choose the Right Companion
Consider your physical capabilities and the care needs of the animal. For instance, a smaller, low-maintenance pet like a cat or a bird might be more suitable than a large, energetic dog.
Plan for Pet Care
Ensure you have the means and ability to care for the pet. This includes feeding, grooming, and regular vet check-ups. If personal care becomes challenging, consider enlisting the help of caregivers or family members.
Create a Safe Environment
Make sure the living space is safe for both the senior and the pet. Remove any hazards that might harm the animal or become a tripping risk.
Engage in Training
If you're considering a dog, invest in basic training. This ensures the dog is well-behaved and can follow essential commands, making cohabitation easier and safer.
Stay Active Together
Use the opportunity to engage in light physical activities with your pet, like short walks or play sessions. This promotes health for both the senior and the animal.
Socialise Your Pet
Introduce your pet to your carer or to other residents and staff gradually. This helps the animal adjust to new faces and reduces the risk of aggressive or fearful behaviour.
Consider Pet Therapy Programs
If having a full-time pet seems daunting, explore pet therapy programs. These programs allow seniors to interact with animals periodically without the long-term commitment.
Prepare for the Future
It's essential to have a plan in place for the pet's care if the senior becomes unable to care for them. Discussing this with family members or setting up a pet trust can ensure the animal's well-being in the future.
Embrace the Bond
The bond between humans and animals is profound. Embrace the companionship, joy, and comfort that an animal can bring into an aged care setting.
Incorporating an animal companion into aged care can be a transformative experience, offering emotional, physical, and cognitive benefits. With careful planning and consideration, seniors can enjoy the myriad joys that come with sharing their lives with a furry, feathered, or finned friend.
Tunstall's Commitment to Holistic Well-being
At Tunstall Healthcare, our ethos revolves around the holistic well-being of our clients. While we take immense pride in our advanced Connected Care solutions, such as personal alarms, fall detectors, and medical alert pendants, our vision extends far beyond these tools. We are deeply committed to embracing a spectrum of approaches that address the mental, emotional, and social facets of health.
Pet therapy, as explored in this article, exemplifies the diverse, non-traditional methods that can profoundly uplift the lives of our clients. By staying abreast of such therapeutic practices, Tunstall aspires to cultivate a community that is not only safeguarded and closely monitored but also enriched, actively engaged, and mentally invigorated. This unwavering dedication to comprehensive care is what distinguishes Tunstall Healthcare, ensuring that our clients experience a life that is fulfilling in every sense.
Keep reading: Benefits of Art Therapy for Physical and Mental Wellbeing